Bibliometric Analysis on Geriatric Nursing Research in Web of Science (1900-2020).

OBJECTIVE: Aging is a growing public health concern for people, organizations, and governments. The current study was undertaken to provide insights into the global research output on geriatric nursing. METHODS: A bibliometric study was implemented using the WoS database for the period from 1900 to 2020. Various tools and measures were used to analyze and visualized. RESULTS: The search strategy found 4923 papers. The oldest paper was written by Beverly C. Andre in 1953. As team size increases, so does the number of citations. The USA was the active country and the highest number of coauthors. New York University was an active institution. Stig Karlsson was the most active author in Geriatric Nursing with 28 articles from Sweden, followed by Koen Milisen and Sandman, with 26 articles each from Sweden and Belgium. The most frequent words in this field were depression, malnutrition, education, Alzheimer's disease, and dementia. The latest research themes in this field were COVID-19, interprofessional locomotive syndrome, emergency nursing, and public health. The most influential papers were specified. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society was the most active journal. CONCLUSIONS: Geriatric nursing is a rooted field and has received special attention in the last decade. Policymakers, especially in developing countries, should pay attention to geriatric nursing as a specialty of nursing to solve aging issues they would face considering the increasing elderly population.

A retrospective/prospective on the future of geriatric nursing.

This paper will describe the exciting progress in geriatric nursing practice over the past 40 years and pay tribute to the leadership in the field, the progress in our programs of research and our commitment to ensuring our older patients get the reliable, high value, evidenced-based care they deserve. A brief synopsis of the literature related to the future of geriatric nursing and the field of geriatrics, describing themes from the literature in the context of the papers contained herein. Themes include: shortage of trained geriatric healthcare professionals, shortage of faculty, paucity of research funding, interdisciplinary care is required, meaningful use and integration of technology, lack of research funding and lack of interest in geriatrics as a specialty. The rapidly accelerating demand for geriatric nurse experts and care for older adults positions the nursing profession as principal agent in bridging care-gap needs for older persons, families, and their communities.

Political and pedagogical projects of nursing residency to the elderly from Paulo Freire's perspective.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze political and pedagogical projects of nursing residency to the elderly from Paulo Freire's perspective. METHOD: a descriptive, exploratory study, qualitative approach using documentary analysis. Data source was pedagogical political projects of nursing residency programs in the health of the elderly. The data were collected between March and May 2017. Data analysis was based on Bardin's Thematic Analysis. It had as analytical categories specific dimensions of the proposed theoretical framework. RESULTS: twelve pedagogical political projects showed that learning dimensions appear in an incipient, fragmented way, demonstrating the reproduction of banking education, disregarding the importance of bringing the student as a subject of learning. CONCLUSION: there is a gap in pedagogical political projects from Paulo Freire's perspective. It is necessary that regulatory institutions can systematize and encourage so that pedagogical projects of these programs are based on Paulo Freire's epistemological bases, enabling the so desired holistic training.

The labor market in gerontological nursing in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the development of the labor market in Gerontological Nursing in Brazil, between 1970 and 1996. METHOD: a descriptive-qualitative study with a historical approach that uses the oral history of 14 research nurses working in the historical period, based on the ideas of Eliot Freidson. RESULTS: Nursing overcame barriers to change the care practices to elderly people in the period described, considering the lack of a specific labor market; the need for theoretical knowledge for Gerontology care; the scarcity of research and researchers in the field; the emergence of caregivers for elderly people; the construction of multidisciplinarity and the transformation of institutions for a long-term stay. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the expansion of the labor market at the time was grounded on advances on the production of knowledge of the aging process, supported by the demographic transition, that determined the increase in the demand by elderly people for health services and the enactment of specific laws protecting this population.

The labor market in gerontological nursing in Brazil / El mercado de trabajo en enfermería gerontológica en Brasil / O mercado de trabalho em enfermagem gerontológica no Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the development of the labor market in Gerontological Nursing in Brazil, between 1970 and 1996. Method: a descriptive-qualitative study with a historical approach that uses the oral history of 14 research nurses working in the historical period, based on the ideas of Eliot Freidson. Results: Nursing overcame barriers to change the care practices to elderly people in the period described, considering the lack of a specific labor market; the need for theoretical knowledge for Gerontology care; the scarcity of research and researchers in the field; the emergence of caregivers for elderly people; the construction of multidisciplinarity and the transformation of institutions for a long-term stay. Final considerations: the expansion of the labor market at the time was grounded on advances on the production of knowledge of the aging process, supported by the demographic transition, that determined the increase in the demand by elderly people for health services and the enactment of specific laws protecting this population.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar el desarrollo del mercado de trabajo en la Enfermería Gerontológica brasileña, entre 1970 y 1996. Método: estudio descriptivo-cualitativo, con abordaje histórico, que utiliza la historia oral de 14 enfermeras investigadores y actuantes en el período histórico, fundamentada en las ideas de Eliot Freidson. Resultados: la Enfermería superó barreras para transformar las prácticas del cuidado a los ancianos en el período descrito, considerando la inexistencia del mercado de trabajo específico; la necesidad de conocimiento teórico para la atención en Gerontología; la escasez de investigaciones e investigadores en el área; el surgimiento del cuidador de ancianos; la construcción de la multidisciplinariedad y la transformación de las instituciones de larga permanencia. Consideraciones finales: la expansión del mercado de trabajo en la época fue motivada por avances en la producción del conocimiento sobre el proceso de envejecimiento, respaldado por la transición demográfica, que determinó el aumento en la demanda de ancianos en los servicios de salud y la promulgación de leyes específicas de protección a los ancianos.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o desenvolvimento do mercado de trabalho na Enfermagem Gerontológica brasileira, entre 1970 e 1996. Método: estudo descritivo-qualitativo, com abordagem histórica, que utiliza a história oral de 14 enfermeiras pesquisadoras atuantes no período histórico, fundamentada nas ideias de Eliot Freidson. Resultados: a Enfermagem venceu barreiras para a transformação das práticas do cuidado ao idoso no período descrito, considerando a inexistência de mercado de trabalho específico; necessidade de conhecimento teórico para o atendimento em Gerontologia; a escassez de pesquisas e pesquisadoras na área; o surgimento do cuidador de idosos; a construção da multidisciplinaridade e a transformação das instituições de longa permanência. Considerações finais: a expansão do mercado de trabalho na época foi fundamentada por avanços na produção do conhecimento sobre o processo de envelhecimento, respaldado pela transição demográfica, que determinou o aumento na demanda de idosos nos serviços de saúde e a promulgação de leis específicas de proteção aos idosos.

Political and pedagogical projects of nursing residency to the elderly from Paulo Freire's perspective / Proyectos políticos y pedagógicos de residencia de enfermería al anciano en la perspectiva de Paulo Freire / Projetos políticos e pedagógicos de residência de enfermagem ao idoso na perspectiva freiriana

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze political and pedagogical projects of nursing residency to the elderly from Paulo Freire's perspective. Method: a descriptive, exploratory study, qualitative approach using documentary analysis. Data source was pedagogical political projects of nursing residency programs in the health of the elderly. The data were collected between March and May 2017. Data analysis was based on Bardin's Thematic Analysis. It had as analytical categories specific dimensions of the proposed theoretical framework. Results: twelve pedagogical political projects showed that learning dimensions appear in an incipient, fragmented way, demonstrating the reproduction of banking education, disregarding the importance of bringing the student as a subject of learning. Conclusion: there is a gap in pedagogical political projects from Paulo Freire's perspective. It is necessary that regulatory institutions can systematize and encourage so that pedagogical projects of these programs are based on Paulo Freire's epistemological bases, enabling the so desired holistic training.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los proyectos políticos y pedagógicos de residencia de enfermería en el anciano en la perspectiva de Paulo Freire. Método: estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, enfoque cualitativo utilizando el análisis documental. La fuente de datos fueron los proyectos políticos pedagógicos de programas de residencia de enfermería en salud del anciano. Los datos fueron recolectados entre marzo y mayo de 2017. El análisis de los datos fue a partir del Análisis Temático de Bardin, teniendo como categorías analíticas dimensiones propias del referencial teórico propuesto. Resultados: doce proyectos políticos pedagógicos mostraron que las dimensiones de aprendizaje aparecen de manera insípida, fragmentada, demostrando la reproducción de la educación bancaria, desconsiderando la importancia de traer al educando como sujeto del aprendizaje. Conclusión: hay una laguna en los proyectos políticos pedagógicos en la perspectiva de Paulo Freire. Es necesario que las instituciones reguladoras puedan sistematizar y estimular para que los proyectos pedagógicos de estos programas sean pautados en las bases epistemológicas de Paulo Freire, posibilitando la tan deseada formación holística.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar os projetos políticos e pedagógicos de residência de enfermagem ao idoso, na perspectiva Freiriana. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório, abordagem qualitativa utilizando a análise documental. A fonte de dados foram os projetos políticos pedagógicos de programas de residência de enfermagem em saúde do idoso. Os dados foram coletados entre março e maio de 2017. A análise dos dados foi a partir da Análise Temática de Bardin, tendo como categorias analíticas dimensões próprias do referencial teórico proposto. Resultados: doze projetos políticos pedagógicos mostraram que as dimensões de aprendizagem aparecem de maneira insipiente, fragmentada, demonstrando a reprodução da educação bancária, desconsiderando a importância de trazer o educando como sujeito do aprendizado. Conclusão: há uma lacuna nos projetos políticos pedagógicos na perspectiva Freiriana. É necessário que as instituições reguladoras possam sistematizar e estimular para que os projetos pedagógicos destes programas sejam pautados nas bases epistemológicas Freirianas, possibilitando a tão desejada formação holística.

A physical resilience conceptual model - contributions to gerontological nursing.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze and reflect on the potential applicability of the contribution of the physical resilience conceptual model of Whitson et al. in the care for older adults. METHOD: The present article of reflection was structured based on the consultation of articles and definition of inherent concepts, with analysis and reason of the potentialities of its application in geriatric nursing care. RESULTS: Physical resilience is influenced by diverse stimuli. The identification of stressors and early intervention enable the delay of the functional capacity decline. In practice, the planning of interventions that depend on the innate capacity of older adults is of utmost importance. CONCLUSION: The trajectory outlined over a debilitating event is relevant to understand the factors that contribute to the development of frailty or pre-frailty conditions. This knowledge allows nurses to adjust their practice and contribute to the effectiveness of interventions and a better prevention of the frailty syndrome.

A physical resilience conceptual model - contributions to gerontological nursing / Un modelo conceptual de resiliencia física - contribuciones a la enfermería gerontológica / Um modelo conceitual de resiliência física - contribuições para a enfermagem gerontológica

ABSTRACT Objectives: To analyze and reflect on the potential applicability of the contribution of the physical resilience conceptual model of Whitson et al. in the care for older adults. Method: The present article of reflection was structured based on the consultation of articles and definition of inherent concepts, with analysis and reason of the potentialities of its application in geriatric nursing care. Results: Physical resilience is influenced by diverse stimuli. The identification of stressors and early intervention enable the delay of the functional capacity decline. In practice, the planning of interventions that depend on the innate capacity of older adults is of utmost importance. Conclusion: The trajectory outlined over a debilitating event is relevant to understand the factors that contribute to the development of frailty or pre-frailty conditions. This knowledge allows nurses to adjust their practice and contribute to the effectiveness of interventions and a better prevention of the frailty syndrome.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Analizar y reflexionar sobre la potencial aplicabilidad de la contribución del modelo conceptual de resiliencia física de Whitson y colaboradores en el cuidado al anciano. Método: Artículo de reflexión estructurado partiendo de la consulta de artículos y definición de los conceptos inherentes, con análisis y fundamentación de las potencialidades de su aplicación en el cuidado de enfermería geriátrica. Resultados: La resiliencia física recibe influencias de diferentes estímulos. Identificar los estresores e intervenir precozmente permite atrasar la declinación de la capacidad funcional. En la práctica, resulta fundamental planificar intervenciones que dependan de la capacidad innata propia del anciano. Conclusión: El camino trazado durante un episodio debilitante es relevante para comprender los factores que contribuyen al desarrollo de estados de fragilidad o prefragilidad. Este conocimiento permite que el enfermero adecue su actuación y contribuye a la eficacia de las intervenciones y a una mejor prevención del síndrome de fragilidad.

RESUMO Objetivos: Analisar e refletir sobre a potencial aplicabilidade do contributo do modelo conceitual de resiliência física de Whitson e colaboradores no cuidado à pessoa idosa. Método: Este artigo de reflexão foi estruturado a partir da consulta de artigos e definição dos conceitos inerentes, com análise e fundamentação das potencialidades da sua aplicação no cuidado de enfermagem geriátrico. Resultados: A resiliência física é influenciada por diferentes estímulos. A identificação dos estressores e a intervenção precoce permitem atrasar o declínio da capacidade funcional. Na prática, é fundamental planejar intervenções que dependam da capacidade inata que a pessoa idosa apresenta. Conclusão: A trajetória traçada ao longo de um episódio debilitante é relevante para compreender os fatores que contribuem para o desenvolvimento de estados de fragilidade ou pré-fragilidade. Este conhecimento permite ao enfermeiro adequar a sua atuação e contribuir para a eficácia das intervenções e para uma melhor prevenção da síndrome da fragilidade.

Twitter discussions about the predicaments of robots in geriatric nursing: forecast of nursing robotics in aged care.

BACKGROUND: People use social media to express perceptions, attitudes and a wide range of concerns regarding human life. AIM: This study aims at analysing the ongoing discussions on the internet microblog Twitter and offers some coming predicaments regarding developments in geriatric nursing regarding nursing robots. METHODS: Data were retrospectively collected from Twitter. 1322 mentions were included in the final analyses, where principles of interpreting data by using netnography were utilized. RESULTS: Many ideas are presented expressing functional, psychological and social aspects of robots in nursing care. Most postings come from metropolitan cities around the globe. The discussion focuses on market-driven, science fiction solutions for aged care. Twitter users overall seem to be positive using various nursing robots in aged care. These discussions offer a window into the attitudes and ideas of this group of users. CONCLUSION: We suggest that monitoring Twitter discussions on social media can provide valuable insights into current attitudes as well as forecast coming trends.

Physical frailty prediction model for the oldest old / Modelo preditivo de fragilidade física em idosos longevos / Modelo predictivo de fragilidad física en adultos mayores longevos

ABSTRACT Objective: to present a physical frailty prediction model for oldest old users of primary health care, according to clinical variables. Method: cross-sectional study with proportional stratified sample of 243 oldest old subjects. Data were collected through a structured clinical questionnaire, handgrip strength test, walking speed, weight loss, fatigue/exhaustion, and physical activity level. For the analysis of the data, univariate and multivariate analysis by logistic regression were used (p<0.05), which resulted in prediction models. The odds ratios (95% Confidence Interval) of the models were calculated. Each model was evaluated by deviance analysis, likelihood ratios, specificity and sensitivity, considering the most adequate. All ethical and legal precepts were followed. Results: the prediction model elected was composed of metabolic diseases, dyslipidemias and hospitalization in the last 12 months. Conclusion: clinical variables interfere in the development of the physical frailty syndrome in oldest old users of basic health unit. The choice of a physical frailty regression model is the first step in the elaboration of clinical methods to evaluate the oldest old in primary care.

RESUMO Objetivo: apresentar um modelo preditivo de fragilidade física para idosos longevos usuários da atenção básica de saúde, segundo variáveis clínicas. Método: estudo transversal com amostra estratificada proporcional de 243 idosos longevos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de formulário clínico estruturado, testes de aferição da força de preensão manual e velocidade da marcha, verificação da perda de peso, fadiga/exaustão e nível de atividade física. Para análise dos dados, foi empregada análise univariada e multivariada por regressão logística (p<0,05), que resultou em modelos preditores, dos quais foram calculados odds ratio (Intervalo de Confiança 95%). Cada modelo foi avaliado pela análise de deviance, valor preditivo, especificidade e sensibilidade, sendo considerado elegível o mais parcimonioso. Todos os preceitos éticos e legais foram atendidos. Resultados: o modelo preditivo eleito foi composto pelas variáveis doenças metabólicas, dislipidemias e hospitalização nos últimos 12 meses. Conclusão: infere-se que variáveis clínicas interferem no desenvolvimento da síndrome da fragilidade física em idosos longevos usuários da atenção básica de saúde. A eleição de um modelo de regressão de fragilidade física constitui-se como o primeiro passo na elaboração de condutas clínicas de avaliação de idosos longevos na atenção primária.

RESUMEN Objetivo: presentar un modelo predictivo de fragilidad física para adultos mayores longevos, usuarios de la atención básica de salud, según variables clínicas. Método: estudio transversal con muestra estratificada proporcional de 243 adultos mayores longevos. Los datos se colectaron por medio de formulario clínico estructurado, pruebas de medición de fuerza de prensión manual y de velocidad de la marcha, comprobación de la pérdida de peso, fatiga/agotamiento y nivel de actividad física. Para examinar los datos se empleó el análisis univariado y multivariado por regresión logística (p<0,05), que resultó en modelos predictores de los cuales se calculó la razón de momios (RM, odds ratio en inglés) con Intervalo de Confianza del 95%. Cada modelo se evaluó mediante el análisis de la devianza, valor predictivo, especificidad y sensibilidad, siendo considerado elegible el más parsimonioso. Se atendieron todos los preceptos éticos y legales. Resultados: el modelo predictivo electo estaba compuesto por las variables enfermedades metabólicas, dislipidemias y hospitalización en los últimos 12 meses. Conclusión: se infiere que las variables clínicas interfieren en el desarrollo del síndrome de fragilidad física en adultos mayores longevos usuarios de la atención básica de salud. La elección de un modelo de regresión de fragilidad física se constituye como el primer paso para la elaboración de conductas clínicas de evaluación de adultos mayores longevos en la atención primaria.

Tecnologia socioeducacional de videodebate para o cultivo do envelhecimento ativo / Socio-educational video debate technology for active aging promotion

Objective: Evaluate the relevance and efficiency of socio-educational video debate technology as a strategy to promote active aging. Methodology: Convergent care research was conducted with 16 elderly users of a basic health unit in Belém, to implement the technology by selecting YouTube videos, which were analyzed and discussed, seeking to coordinate the video plot of each video with determining factors of active aging, principles of continuing education, and life experience of the elderly participants. Results: The following categories emerged from debates: "Learning how to know oneself," "Learning how to do things differently," "Learning how to live with others," and "Learning to how to be a better person." The video debate allowed behavioral changes in nutrition and relationship, as evaluated using the lifestyle scale, before and after the video debate. Conclusion: Video debate technology proved to be efficient and relevant as it allowed the elderly to reflect in groups by sharing ideas, learning together and building new strategies for active aging.

Objetivo: Evaluar la pertinencia y eficacia de la tecnología socioeducativa de videodebate como estrategia para la cultura del envejecimiento activo. Método: Investigación Convergente Asistencial, con dieciséis pacientes ancianos de una Unidad Básica de Salud de Belém. Para implementar la tecnología, fueron seleccionados vídeos en YouTube, que fueron apreciados y debatidos, buscando articular la relación de cada vídeo con factores determinantes del envejecimiento activo, principios de la educación continuada y con experiencias de vida de los participantes. Resultados: De los debates, surgieron las categorías: "aprender a conocerse a sí mismo", "aprender a hacerlo diferente", aprender a convivir con el otro", "aprender a ser mejor". El videodebate permitió cambios; entre otros, los conductuales en los dominios nutrición y relación, evaluados por escala de estilo de vida, pre y post videodebate. Conclusión: La tecnología resultó eficaz y pertinente, permitiendo la reflexión grupal: compartiendo ideas, aprendiendo juntos y construyendo nuevas estrategias para el envejecimiento activo.

Objetivo: Avaliar a pertinência e eficácia da tecnologia socioeducacional de videodebate como estratégia no cultivo do envelhecimento ativo. Método: Pesquisa Convergente Assistencial realizada com dezesseis usuários idosos de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de Belém, para implementar a tecnologia, selecionando-se vídeos encontrados no YouTube os quais foram apreciados e debatidos, buscando-se articular o enredo de cada vídeo com fatores determinantes do envelhecimento ativo, com princípios da educação permanente e com experiência de vida dos idosos participantes. Resultados: Dos debates, emergiram categorias: "aprender a conhecer a si mesmo", "aprender a fazer diferente", "aprender a conviver com o outro", "aprender a ser melhor". O videodebate permitiu mudanças, entre outras, as comportamentais nos domínios nutrição e relacionamento, avaliadas pela escala de estilo de vida, pré/pós videodebate. Conclusão: Essa tecnologia mostrou-se eficaz e pertinente porque permitiu aos idosos refletirem em grupo, compartilhando idéias, aprendendo juntos e construindo novas estratégias para o envelhecer ativo.

Transcendence, historicity and temporality of being elderly: nursing reflection-using Heidegger.

The objective is to reflect on historicity and temporality as paths for the transcendence of being elderly, based on the phenomenological concepts of Martin Heiddeger. A review of the concepts of transcendence, historicity and temporality was carried out in the work of Martín Heidegger, integrating them in the perspective of nursing for the elderly. The transcendence of the elderly adult is feasible by accessing the temporality of self in the path of its historicity to arrive at the understanding of itself that he has achieved: transcending, which is but a process of the Being itself. Being is time in itself existing in the world, existence given by the encounter of the past (to have been), present and future (becoming), the same encounter that determines the historicity of the Being. The encounter has been consummated and the Being is transcendence, with the understanding of the Being itself as a supreme point.

El objetivo es reflexionar en la historicidad y temporalidad como caminos para la trascendencia del ser adulto mayor, basado en los conceptos fenomenológicos de Martín Heiddeger. Se llevó a cabo una revisión de los conceptos de trascendencia, historicidad y temporalidad en la obra de Martín Heidegger, realizando su integración en la perspectiva de enfermería al adulto mayor. La trascendencia del ser adulto mayor es factible accediendo a la temporalidad del mismo en el camino de su historicidad para llegar a la comprensión de sí a la que ha llegado: trascendiendo, que no es sino un proceso del mismo ser. El ser es el tiempo en sí mismo existiendo en el mundo, existencia dada por el encuentro del pasado (haber sido), presente y futuro (devenir), mismo encuentro que determina la historicidad del ser. El encuentro se ha consumado y el ser es trascendencia, como punto supremo la comprensión del ser mismo.

Transcendence, historicity and temporality of being elderly: nursing reflection-using Heidegger / Transcendência, historicidade e temporalidade do ser idoso: reflexão de enfermagem sob a ótica de Heidegger / Trascendencia, historicidad y temporalidad del ser adulto mayor: reflexión enfermera en Heidegger

ABSTRACT The objective is to reflect on historicity and temporality as paths for the transcendence of being elderly, based on the phenomenological concepts of Martin Heiddeger. A review of the concepts of transcendence, historicity and temporality was carried out in the work of Martín Heidegger, integrating them in the perspective of nursing for the elderly. The transcendence of the elderly adult is feasible by accessing the temporality of self in the path of its historicity to arrive at the understanding of itself that he has achieved: transcending, which is but a process of the Being itself. Being is time in itself existing in the world, existence given by the encounter of the past (to have been), present and future (becoming), the same encounter that determines the historicity of the Being. The encounter has been consummated and the Being is transcendence, with the understanding of the Being itself as a supreme point.

RESUMO O objetivo é refletir acerca da historicidade e da temporalidade como caminhos para a transcendência do ser idoso, com base nos conceitos fenomenológicos de Martin Heiddeger. Foi realizada uma revisão dos conceitos de transcendência, historicidade e temporalidade no trabalho de Martín Heidegger, integrando-os na perspectiva da enfermagem para o idoso. A transcendência do idoso é viável acessando a sua temporalidade no caminho de sua historicidade para chegar à compreensão de si mesmo: transcendendo, que é um processo do próprio Ser. O ser é o tempo em si mesmo existindo no mundo, existência dada pelo encontro do passado (ter sido), presente e futuro (porvir), o mesmo encontro que determina a historicidade do Ser. O encontro se efetiva e o Ser é transcendência, como um ponto supremo da compreensão de si mesmo.

RESUMEN El objetivo es reflexionar en la historicidad y temporalidad como caminos para la trascendencia del ser adulto mayor, basado en los conceptos fenomenológicos de Martín Heiddeger. Se llevó a cabo una revisión de los conceptos de trascendencia, historicidad y temporalidad en la obra de Martín Heidegger, realizando su integración en la perspectiva de enfermería al adulto mayor. La trascendencia del ser adulto mayor es factible accediendo a la temporalidad del mismo en el camino de su historicidad para llegar a la comprensión de sí a la que ha llegado: trascendiendo, que no es sino un proceso del mismo ser. El ser es el tiempo en sí mismo existiendo en el mundo, existencia dada por el encuentro del pasado (haber sido), presente y futuro (devenir), mismo encuentro que determina la historicidad del ser. El encuentro se ha consumado y el ser es trascendencia, como punto supremo la comprensión del ser mismo.

Changes in Emergency Department Geriatric Services in Quebec and Correlates of These Changes.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To describe changes in geriatric emergency department (ED) services from 2006 (T1) to 2013/14 (T2), associated factors, and outcomes. DESIGN: Two-wave survey design. SETTING: Province of Quebec, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: Lead nurses and physicians at 57 EDs that participated in both the T1 and T2 surveys. INTERVENTION: Changes over time in ED geriatric services, observed naturalistically. MEASUREMENTS: Survey questionnaires assessed: ED geriatric services (11 items) and nursing and geriatric staffing resources. Key administrative data indicators for ED bed visits for T1 and T2 for ages 75 and over included: volume of ED visits; length of ED stay; admission rate; and 30-day return visits. RESULTS: There was a significant overall increase in the number ED geriatric services, from mean 2.8 (SD 2.2) at T1 to mean 6.0 (SD 2.0) at T2. EDs were clustered into 3 groups based on their T1 and T2 geriatric service scores: "early adopters" (n = 12); "late adopters" (n = 27); "non-adopters" (n = 18). Group membership was associated with three T1 variables: availability of a geriatric nurse clinician, a lower ratio of nurses to ED beds, and longer ED stays. There were significant overall increases between T1 and T2 in number of ED bed visits and ED length of stay among those aged 75 and over, decreases in hospitalization rates, but no change in ED return visits. There were no differential changes in the key indicators among the three ED clusters. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, ED geriatric services improved in Quebec from 2006 to 2013/14. EDs with a geriatric nurse clinician, relatively fewer nursing resources, and longer ED stays improved more quickly.